It is decreasing an amount over a period of time, in other words. Amortization is deducting capital expenses overtime, which usually measures the consumption of value to intangible assets, like patents for example; the common mistake is referring to Amortization as depreciation while conceptually they are the same but technically depreciation is for tangible assets while amortization is for intangible assets.    

It is referred to as the "risk-less profit" and is achieved by simultaneously buying and selling an asset to obtain the profit form the difference in prices, which usually is performed on different marketplaces or exchanged.

In investment Assets refer to a resource that has economic value and can generate cash flows, and in a balance sheet it represents what the firm owns.

There are current or fixed assets that provide benefits for more than a year, while the non-current is that consumed within one year. Other difference in assets specifications is tangible assets which have a physical form like machinery, while intangible assets is the opposite which is not physical in nature such as trademarks and patents.

An international organization that exists to foster cooperation among central banks and other agencies aiming to achieve monetary and financial stability. The BIS is the oldest international financial organization, it's based in Basel, Switzerland and was established by the Hague Agreement in 1930.

The central bank of banks dose not provide services to the public, among others its main goals are summed as regulating capital adequacy and make reserve requirements transparent, prompting information sharing and to be a key center for economic research.

Is when a certain business or an individual is unable to pay back the debts hold upon him, the representative of the firm must go file for a petition, assets then will be measured and sold in order to pay back part of the debt, the priority of payments stand first for debtors then comes accumulative preferred stocks then preferred stocks and finally common stocks. The bankruptcy gives chance to businesses to begin a new start by erasing all the debts they had.     

The commerce between two countries, which represents the growth and slowing of goods and services flows between them. Bilateral Trade Agreements are between two nations at a time, they operate upon negotiated terms and provide those two nations with favored trading status between each other. 

Defined as the market where products, goods or currencies in all their forms are subcategories, are bought and sold illegally, in violation of restriction or rationing.

While it's commonly associated with criminal activities, it also has a financial component; the black currency-exchange markets almost always emerge when government controls on exchange rates prevent the use of natural exchange rates in the global marketplace.

Are the type of stocks that stand for well established companies, who pay dividends on a regular basis even when they are at there worst times, plus they don’t hold high percentage of liabilities to their assets, for example DAX is an index which consists of blue chipped companies. 

Fixed income securities, in which the holder who bought it, loans money to the issuing party. That certificate of debt issued by a government or cooperation guarantees payment of the original investment plus the fixed set interest at a specified date in the future which is known as the maturity date. The main categories are corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and treasuries. 

Recurring and fluctuating economic activity that an economy or a business experiences over a long period of time. For economies the five stages of the business cycle are: Growth (expansion), peak, recession (contraction), trough and recovery.

Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) is an investment-grade security backed by a pool of bonds, loans and other assets. CDOs do not specialize in one type of debt but are often non-mortgage loans or bonds.

A short-term unsecured (not backed by collateral) debt instrument issued by corporation typically for financing issued at a discount reflecting prevailing interest rates. The major benefit of CP is that it does not need to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as long as its maturity does not exceed 270 days.

A security that represents ownership in a corporation. Stockholders exercise by electing a board of directors and voting on corporate policy. Common stock holders are at the bottom of the priority ladder for the ownership structure.

A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners. They posses most of the rights and responsibilities that individuals enjoy. They are limited liability in which shareholders have the right to participate in profits through dividends and/or appreciation of stock while they are not held personally liable for the company's debt.

Its phase affects financial markets; where the availability of money supply reduce vastly, with financial institutions being hesitate in giving out money as loans, this phase is created from certain variables, for example the value of bank collateral falls massively, or solvency issues in a certain institutions, finally any changes in the monetary policy might trigger a Credit Crunch if it was not taken carefully according to markets. 

 are derivatives that pay the buyer the face value if a borrower -- a country or a company -- defaults. In exchange, the swap seller gets the underlying securities or the cash equivalent. Traders in naked credit-default swaps buy insurance on bonds they don’t own and are provided with unlimited betting power which can affect the overall asset values in the market.